How to format your references using the 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dunne M. Applied physics. Laser-driven particle accelerators. Science 2006;312(5772):374–376.

A journal article with 2 authors

Abrahamson J, Dinniss J. Ball lightning caused by oxidation of nanoparticle networks from normal lightning strikes on soil. Nature 2000;403(6769):519–521.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kusano K, Johnson-Schlitz DM, Engels WR. Sterility of Drosophila with mutations in the Bloom syndrome gene--complementation by Ku70. Science 2001;291(5513):2600–2602.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Walther DJ, Peter J-U, Bashammakh S, et al. Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform. Science 2003;299(5603):76.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lemberger P, Morel M. Managing Complexity of Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ USA; 2012.

An edited book

Wickramasinghe N, Bali R, Suomi R, et al., (eds). Critical Issues for the Development of Sustainable E-Health Solutions. 1st ed. Healthcare Delivery in the Information Age. Springer US: Boston, MA; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Schwentick T. The Dynamic Complexity of the Reachability Problem on Graphs. In: Reachability Problems: 7th International Workshop, RP 2013, Uppsala, Sweden, September 24-26, 2013 Proceedings. (Abdulla PA, Potapov I. eds). Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2013; pp. 45–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing.

Blog post

Andrews R. HPV Vaccine Halves Cervical Cancer Rates In Just 10 Years. IFLScience; 2016. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/hpv-vaccine-halves-cervical-cancer-rates-just-10-years/ [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Railroad Safety: Accident Trends and FRA Safety Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kuru IC. Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing and Assignment in No-Notice Evacuations. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University: Edwardsville, IL; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J. Picking Fights, Dropping Names. New York Times 2017;MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
ISSN (print)	2329-7662
ISSN (online)	2329-7670
Scope