How to format your references using the 3D Printing in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 3D Printing in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Socha JJ. Applied Physics. Of snakes and robots. Science. 2014;346:160–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nielsen S, Zenkin N. Transcription. Response to Comment on “Mechanism of eukaryotic RNA polymerase III transcription termination.” Science. 2014;345:524.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Alexander JM, Diez JM, Levine JM. Novel competitors shape species’ responses to climate change. Nature. 2015;525:515–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Isalan M, Lemerle C, Michalodimitrakis K, Horn C, Beltrao P, Raineri E, et al. Evolvability and hierarchy in rewired bacterial gene networks. Nature. 2008;452:840–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sandén BI. Design of Multithreaded Software. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Meharg AA. Arsenic & Rice. Zhao F-J, editor. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kern TA, Hatzfeld C. Identification of Requirements. In: Hatzfeld C, Kern TA, editors. Engineering Haptic Devices: A Beginner’s Guide. London: Springer; 2014. p. 145–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 3D Printing in Medicine.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Astronomers Spot Mysterious System 1600 Light-Years Away [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/space/missing-link-between-solar-systems-and-planetary-systems-found/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Spectrum Management: FCC’s Licensing Approach in the 11, 18, and 23 Gigahertz Bands Currently Supports Spectrum Availability and Efficiency. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Nov. Report No.: GAO-13-78R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Robinson AC. A Geophysical and Geological Characterization of the Bonanza 3D Survey, Claiborne Group, Saint Landry and Evangeline Parishes, Louisiana [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Former Playmate Wins Procedural Round in Fight Over Estate. New York Times. 2006 May 2;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	3D Printing in Medicine
Abbreviation	3D Print. Med.
ISSN (online)	2365-6271
Scope