How to format your references using the 3D Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for 3D Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kleypas, J. (2015). Oceans. Invisible barriers to dispersal. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6239), 1086–1087.

A journal article with 2 authors

New, A. M., & Lehner, B. (2015). Systems biology: Network evolution hinges on history. Nature, 523(7560), 297–298.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ackerman, L. K. G., Lovell, M. M., & Weix, D. J. (2015). Multimetallic catalysed cross-coupling of aryl bromides with aryl triflates. Nature, 524(7566), 454–457.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wang, G. G., Song, J., Wang, Z., Dormann, H. L., Casadio, F., Li, H., … Allis, C. D. (2009). Haematopoietic malignancies caused by dysregulation of a chromatin-binding PHD finger. Nature, 459(7248), 847–851.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Deschamps, J.-P., Bioul, G. J. A., & Sutter, G. D. (2005). Synthesis of Arithmetic Circuits. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hohenfellner, R. (2005). Manual Endourology. (J.-U. Stolzenburg, Ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang, D., & Ang, W. T. (2013). Musculoskeletal Models of Tremor. In G. Grimaldi & M. Manto (Eds.), Mechanisms and Emerging Therapies in Tremor Disorders (pp. 79–107). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for 3D Research.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, August 13). Crayfish Grow New Brain Cells From Blood Cells. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crayfish-grow-new-brain-cells-blood-cells/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Transportation Worker Identification Credential: Internal Control Weaknesses Need to Be Corrected to Help Achieve Security Objectives (No. GAO-11-648T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schutt, R. (2010). Topics in model-based population inference (Doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York, NY.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. (2017, February 20). The Irresistible Attraction of an Assault Rifle. New York Times, p. C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	3D Research
Abbreviation	3D Res.
ISSN (online)	2092-6731
Scope