How to format your references using the Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buchanan M. The best is yet to come. Nature. 2007;447(7140):39.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schwefel HGL, Türeci HE. Optics. A chaotic approach clears up imaging. Science. 2015;348(6231):189-190.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen L, Dürr KL, Gouaux E. X-ray structures of AMPA receptor-cone snail toxin complexes illuminate activation mechanism. Science. 2014;345(6200):1021-1026.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Krause O, Birkmann SM, Rieke GH, et al. No cold dust within the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. Nature. 2004;432(7017):596-598.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Goudon T. Mathematics for Modeling and Scientific Computing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Christensen PO. Economics of Accounting: Volume II — Performance Evaluation. Vol 2. (Feltham GA, ed.). Springer US; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Yuan W, Sickel W, Yang D. Several Equivalent Characterizations. In: Sickel W, Yang D, eds. Morrey and Campanato Meet Besov, Lizorkin and Triebel. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Springer; 2010:65-135.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica.

Blog post

Taub B. Cannabis Studies Called Into Question As Research Weed Is Too Weak. IFLScience. November 14, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/cannabis-studies-called-into-question-research-weed-too-weak/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Effect of Personnel Reform on the Federal Aviation Administration’s Budget. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hill JA. Classical Three-Body Systems and the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser Theorem. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brownmiller S. Hugh Hefner Was My Enemy. New York Times. September 29, 2017:SR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica
Abbreviation	Acta Orthop. Traumatol. Turc.
ISSN (print)	1017-995X
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery