How to format your references using the African Identities citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Identities. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Miller, C. (2006). ClC chloride channels viewed through a transporter lens. Nature, 440(7083), 484–489.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim, J., & Swager, T. M. (2001). Control of conformational and interpolymer effects in conjugated polymers. Nature, 411(6841), 1030–1034.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wearn, O. R., Reuman, D. C., & Ewers, R. M. (2013). Response to comment on “Extinction debt and windows of conservation opportunity in the Brazilian Amazon.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 339(6117), 271.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Neugebohren, J., Borodin, D., Hahn, H. W., Altschäffel, J., Kandratsenka, A., Auerbach, D. J., Campbell, C. T., Schwarzer, D., Harding, D. J., Wodtke, A. M., & Kitsopoulos, T. N. (2018). Velocity-resolved kinetics of site-specific carbon monoxide oxidation on platinum surfaces. Nature, 558(7709), 280–283.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rezzoug, A., & El-Hadi Zaïm, M. (2011). Non-conventional Electrical Machines. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bansal, R. K. (Ed.). (2009). Phosphorous Heterocycles I (Vol. 20). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Mazza, A., Gat-Viks, I., Farhan, H., & Sharan, R. (2013). A Minimum-Labeling Approach for Reconstructing Protein Networks across Multiple Conditions. In A. Darling & J. Stoye (Eds.), Algorithms in Bioinformatics: 13th International Workshop, WABI 2013, Sophia Antipolis, France, September 2-4, 2013. Proceedings (pp. 33–44). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Identities.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2015, September 9). Snakebite Anti-Venom Set To Run Out Next Year. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/snakebite-anti-venom-track-run-out-next-year/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Survey of Large- and Medium-Hub Airports on Existing and Planned Bus and Rail Connections, an E-supplement to GAO-05-727 (GAO-05-738SP). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kalinec-Craig, C. (2012). A case study of four Latina/o pre-service teachers in learning to teach mathematics for understanding and integrate a child’s out-of-school mathematical knowledge and experiences [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Arango, T. (2017, June 13). Food Poisoning Sickens Hundreds of Iraqis at U.N.-Run Camp. New York Times, A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Miller, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Kim & Swager, 2001; Miller, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kim & Swager, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Neugebohren et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Identities
ISSN (print)	1472-5843
ISSN (online)	1472-5851
Scope	Anthropology Cultural Studies