How to format your references using the African Invertebrates citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Invertebrates. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jones CW (2003) Materials science. Zeolites go organic. Science (New York, N.Y.) 300: 439–440.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weaver M, Krasnow MA (2008) Dual origin of tissue-specific progenitor cells in Drosophila tracheal remodeling. Science (New York, N.Y.) 321: 1496–1499.

A journal article with 3 authors

Markos C, Kubat I, Bang O (2014) Hybrid polymer photonic crystal fiber with integrated chalcogenide glass nanofilms. Scientific reports 4: 6057.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Neff U, Burns SJ, Mangini A, Mudelsee M, Fleitmann D, Matter A (2001) Strong coherence between solar variability and the monsoon in Oman between 9 and 6 kyr ago. Nature 411: 290–293.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wolf KH, Barnes R (2010) VoIP Emergency Calling. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Pokorski M (Ed.) (2015) 852 Respiratory Carcinogenesis. Springer International Publishing, Cham, X, 73 p. 27 illus., 3 illus. in color pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Fournier S, Doan VD, Joseph V (2012) Sex-Specific Effects of Daily Gavage with a Mixed Progesterone and Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist on Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Newborn Rats. In: Nurse CA, Gonzalez C, Peers C, Prabhakar N (Eds), Arterial Chemoreception: From Molecules to Systems. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 29–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Invertebrates.

Blog post

Andrew E (2016) Prince’s Death From Fentanyl Is Only The Tip Of The Global Overdose Iceberg. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/prince-s-death-fentanyl-only-tip-global-overdose-iceberg/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1981) Observations on Selected Aspects of School Lunch Program Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Belletti A (2017) Trumpet Practice: Habits and Goals. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Clarke J (2016) What’s the Circuit’s Most Fearsome Bull Afraid Of? You Name It. New York Times: D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jones 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Jones 2003, Weaver and Krasnow 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Weaver and Krasnow 2008)
Three or more authors: (Neff et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Invertebrates
ISSN (print)	1681-5556
ISSN (online)	2305-2562
Scope