How to format your references using the Alcohol and Alcoholism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Alcohol and Alcoholism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ravishankara AR. (2012) Atmospheric science. Water vapor in the lower stratosphere. Science 337: 809–810.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tucker TJ, Makgoba MW. (2008) Public health. Public-private partnerships and scientific imperialism. Science 320: 1016–1017.

A journal article with 3 authors

Merlin C, Gegear RJ, Reppert SM. (2009) Antennal circadian clocks coordinate sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies. Science 325: 1700–1704.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sergina NV, Rausch M, Wang D, et al. (2007) Escape from HER-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy by the kinase-inactive HER3. Nature 445: 437–441.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brower MC. (2012) Wind Resource Assessment. In. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Nanetti RY. (2016) Social Capital in Development Planning: Linking the Actors. In. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US.

A chapter in an edited book

Gkoulalas-Divanis A, Loukides G. (2013) Preventing Re-identification While Supporting GWAS. In G. Loukides (ed), Anonymization of Electronic Medical Records to Support Clinical Analysis, pp. 39–53. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Alcohol and Alcoholism.

Blog post

Hale T. (2016) This ‘Temporary Tattoo’ Tells You If You Are Too Drunk. IFLScience. IFLScience. Https://www.iflscience.com/technology/this-temporary-tattoo-tells-you-if-you-are-too-drunk/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998) Student Loans: Limited Information Is Available to Determine How Students’ College Debt Affects Their School and Lifestyle Decisions. In. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Oliva DA. (2012) Technological mediation: The implications of technology on the human experience. Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ziegler M. (2016) Where the Pro-Life Movement Goes Next. New York Times SR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ravishankara, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Tucker and Makgoba, 2008; Ravishankara, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tucker and Makgoba, 2008)
Three authors: (Merlin, Gegear, and Reppert, 2009)
4 or more authors: (Sergina et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Alcohol and Alcoholism
ISSN (print)	0735-0414
ISSN (online)	1464-3502
Scope