How to format your references using the Alternatives to Animal Experimentation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Alternatives to Animal Experimentation (ALTEX). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brumfiel, G. (2003). Cosmology: welcome to the real world. Nature 426, 751

A journal article with 2 authors

Etterson, J. R. and Shaw, R. G. (2001). Constraint to adaptive evolution in response to global warming. Science 294, 151–154

A journal article with 3 authors

Tsubogo, T., Oyamada, H. and Kobayashi, S. (2015). Multistep continuous-flow synthesis of (R)- and (S)-rolipram using heterogeneous catalysts. Nature 520, 329–332

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chen, B., Eddaoudi, M., Hyde, S. T. et al. (2001). Interwoven metal-organic framework on a periodic minimal surface with extra-large pores. Science 291, 1021–1023

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raynaud, H. and Arrow, K. J. (2011). Managerial Logic. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Walther, C. and Gupta, D. K. (eds.) (2015). Radionuclides in the Environment: Influence of chemical speciation and plant uptake on radionuclide migration. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Acchar, W. and Dultra, E. J. V. (2015). Coffee Industry in Brazil. In E. J. V. Dultra (ed.), Ceramic Materials from Coffee Bagasse Ash Waste (23–30). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Alternatives to Animal Experimentation.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016). Mike Pence, The US Vice President-Elect, Has Said He Doesn’t Believe That Smoking Kills. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/mike-pence-the-us-vice-presidentelect-has-said-he-doesnt-believe-that-smoking-kills/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994). Advance Sheets: Volume 73, Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dennard, B. (2017). The Impact of Racial Centrality on Authenticity and the Race-Based Impression Management Strategies of Black Management Consultants. Doctoral dissertation. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2006). Supreme Court Set to Weigh Central Election-Law Issues. New York Times, A14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brumfiel, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Etterson and Shaw, 2001; Brumfiel, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Etterson and Shaw, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Alternatives to Animal Experimentation
ISSN (print)	0946-7785
Scope