How to format your references using the American Journal of Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gibson, D. R. (2012). Nuclear deterrence: decisions at the brink. Nature, 487(7405), 27–29.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shafiq, G., & Veluvolu, K. C. (2014). Surface chest motion decomposition for cardiovascular monitoring. Scientific reports, 4, 5093.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bottke, W. F., Vokrouhlický, D., & Nesvorný, D. (2007). An asteroid breakup 160 Myr ago as the probable source of the K/T impactor. Nature, 449(7158), 48–53.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Garcia, V., Fusil, S., Bouzehouane, K., Enouz-Vedrenne, S., Mathur, N. D., Barthélémy, A., & Bibes, M. (2009). Giant tunnel electroresistance for non-destructive readout of ferroelectric states. Nature, 460(7251), 81–84.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chevallier, J., & Ielpo, F. (2013). The Economics of Commodity Markets. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Liu, Z. (Ed.). (2009). Essentials of Chinese Medicine. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Miranda, A. I., & Douglas, S. (2010). Aerosols in the atmosphere. In D. G. Steyn & S. T. Rao (Eds.), Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XX (pp. 427–478). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Criminal Justice.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015, July 28). Cosmic Winds Shape Dust Clouds At Galactic Edge. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/cosmic-winds-shape-dust-clouds-galactic-edge/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Regulatory Burden (No. GGD-97-26R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chen, C.-Y. (2010). The analysis of communication problems and language barriers between patients and physicians in California (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2011, November 23). In Russian Chill, Waiting Hours for a Touch of the Holy. New York Times, p. A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gibson 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Gibson 2012; Shafiq and Veluvolu 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Shafiq and Veluvolu 2014)
Three or more authors: (Garcia et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	Am. J. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	1066-2316
ISSN (online)	1936-1351
Scope	Law