How to format your references using the American Journal of Kidney Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Kidney Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clary DC. Chemistry. Geometric phase in chemical reactions. Science. 2005;309(5738):1195-1196.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cantó C, Auwerx J. Cell biology. FGF21 takes a fat bite. Science. 2012;336(6082):675-676.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ohtsuki H, Iwasa Y, Nowak MA. Indirect reciprocity provides only a narrow margin of efficiency for costly punishment. Nature. 2009;457(7225):79-82.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bai Y, Han X, Zheng XC, Qiao L. Both high reliability and giant electrocaloric strength in BaTiO₃ ceramics. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2895.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Li FC, Yu B, Wei JJ, Kawaguchi Y. Turbulent Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

Basedow J, Magnus U, Wolfrum R, eds. The Hamburg Lectures on Maritime Affairs 2009 & 2010. Vol 23. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Fang AC, Cao J. Etymological Features Across Genres and Registers. In: Cao J, ed. Text Genres and Registers: The Computation of Linguistic Features. Springer; 2015:55-70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Kidney Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. A ghostly trio of dying stars. IFLScience. October 30, 2013.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Shuttle: The Future of the Vandenberg Launch Site Needs to Be Determined. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee S. Control-Display Alignment Modulates Dimensional Salience. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dwyer KP. Still Searching for Equilibrium In the Work-Life Balancing Act. New York Times. December 4, 2005:101.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Abbreviation	Am. J. Kidney Dis.
ISSN (print)	0272-6386
Scope	Nephrology