How to format your references using the American Journal of Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morton O. PARTICLE PHYSICS: The Final Tally Leaves LEP a Probable Loser. Science. 2000 Nov;290(5495):1274a.

A journal article with 2 authors

Feld JJ, Hoofnagle JH. Mechanism of action of interferon and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C. Nature. 2005 Aug;436(7053):967–72.

A journal article with 3 authors

Helled R, Galanti E, Kaspi Y. Saturn’s fast spin determined from its gravitational field and oblateness. Nature. 2015 Apr;520(7546):202–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liu C, Hao F, Zhao X, Zhao Q, Luo S, Lin H. Low temperature reduction of free-standing graphene oxide papers with metal iodides for ultrahigh bulk conductivity. Sci Rep. 2014 Feb;4:3965.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McMaster MC. Buying and Selling Laboratory Instruments. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Guthoff RF. Atlas of Confocal Laser Scanning In-vivo Microscopy in Ophthalmology: Principles and Applications in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ophthalmology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang L, Quintard M. Nanofluids of the Future. In: Wang L, editor. Advances in Transport Phenomena: 2009. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009; pp 179–243.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Nephrology.

Blog post

Hale T. City Installs Special Traffic Lights For 'Smartphone Zombies” [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Apr [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/city-installs-special-traffic-lights-smartphone-zombies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Electronic Health Records: HHS Strategy to Address Information Exchange Challenges Lacks Specific Prioritized Actions and Milestones. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gittens BE. Perceptions of the applicability of transformational leadership behavior to the leader role of academic department chairs: A study of selected universities in Virginia. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. A Central Park Road, High and Unwinding, Worries a Path’s Fans. New York Times. 2017 Jun;A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Nephrology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	0250-8095
ISSN (online)	1421-9670
Scope	Nephrology