How to format your references using the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Elert, E. (2013). Living with leukaemia. Nature, 498(7455), S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Calsbeek, R., & Smith, T. B. (2003). Ocean currents mediate evolution in island lizards. Nature, 426(6966), 552–555.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dutzler, R., Campbell, E. B., & MacKinnon, R. (2003). Gating the selectivity filter in ClC chloride channels. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5616), 108–112.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Alvarez, B., Martínez-A, C., Burgering, B. M., & Carrera, A. C. (2001). Forkhead transcription factors contribute to execution of the mitotic programme in mammals. Nature, 413(6857), 744–747.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Venkataraman, K. (2015). Design of Jigs, Fixtures and Press Tools. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Hansel, D. E., McKenney, J. K., Stephenson, A. J., & Chang, S. S. (Eds.). (2012). The Urinary Tract: A Comprehensive Guide to Patient Diagnosis and Management. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Huang, C., & Fan, Y. (2005). Knowledge Structuring and Evaluation Based on Grey Theory. In L. Wang & Y. Jin (Eds.), Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery: Second International Conference, FSKD 2005, Changsha, China, August 27-29, 2005, Proceedings, Part I (pp. 26–30). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, January 2). Identical genetics doesn’t mean identical behavior for bacteria. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Airline Passenger Protections: More Data and Analysis Needed to Understand Effects of Flight Delays (GAO-11-733). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Caldretti, M. (2017). Vocal Pedagogy and the Adolescent Female Singing Voice [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Thrush, G., & Itzkoff, D. (2017, September 18). After Star Turn, Spicer Says He Regrets Berating Press Over Inauguration Crowds. New York Times, A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Elert, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Calsbeek & Smith, 2003; Elert, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Calsbeek & Smith, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Alvarez et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
Abbreviation	Am. J. Orthopsychiatry
ISSN (print)	0002-9432
ISSN (online)	1939-0025
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Psychiatry and Mental health Psychology (miscellaneous) Developmental and Educational Psychology