How to format your references using the American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smith C. Structural biology. Two geometric solutions to a transporting problem. Science 2006;311:182–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Davidson EA, Janssens IA. Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. Nature 2006;440:165–73.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Baulch HM, Stanley EH, Bernhardt ES. Can algal uptake stop NO3(-) pollution? Nature 2011;477:E3; discussion E3-4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Pezzoli M, Elhamdani A, Camacho S, Meystre J, González SM, le Coutre J, et al. Dampened neural activity and abolition of epileptic-like activity in cortical slices by active ingredients of spices. Sci Rep 2014;4:6825.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Szczecinski L, Alvarado A. Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

McNeill VF, Ariya PA, editors. Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistry. vol. 339. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Zerbe I, Gajovic-Eichelmann N. Lipidic Microbubble Targeting of Surface Proteins Using an in Vitro System. In: Paradossi G, Pellegretti P, Trucco A, editors. Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Targeting and Processing Methods for Theranostics, Milano: Springer; 2010, p. 41–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. New “Hog-Nosed” Rat Discovered In Indonesia. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-hog-nosed-rat-discovered-indonesia/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. ICBM Modernization: Status of the Peacekeeper Rail Garrison Missile System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Nichol KP. English Language Learners and Gifted Identification: Exploring the Perceptions of Teachers and Parents. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. Proposed Island School Budgets: A Story of Trade-Offs. New York Times 2009:LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery
Abbreviation	Am. J. Otolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	0196-0709
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology