How to format your references using the American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Harmer MP. Materials science. The phase behavior of interfaces. Science 332: 182–183, 2011.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang J, Chan FK-M. Cell biology. RIPK3 takes another deadly turn. Science 343: 1322–1323, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bonderer LJ, Studart AR, Gauckler LJ. Bioinspired design and assembly of platelet reinforced polymer films. Science 319: 1069–1073, 2008.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ko H, Takei K, Kapadia R, Chuang S, Fang H, Leu PW, Ganapathi K, Plis E, Kim HS, Chen S-Y, Madsen M, Ford AC, Chueh Y-L, Krishna S, Salahuddin S, Javey A. Ultrathin compound semiconductor on insulator layers for high-performance nanoscale transistors. Nature 468: 286–289, 2010.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saleh SA, Rahman MA. An Introduction to Wavelet Modulated Inverters. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.

An edited book

Scherzer O. Variational Methods in Imaging. New York, NY: Springer, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Eddie Ng YK, Liu N. Parametric Study of Greitzer’s Instability Flow Model Through Compressor System Using Taguchi Method. In: Compressor Instability with Integral Methods, edited by Liu N. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007, p. 107–129.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology.

Blog post

Hale T. Scientists Discover 20 Shark Pups In The First Tiger Shark Sonogram Ever [Online]. IFLScience IFLScience: 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-discover-20-shark-pups-in-the-first-shark-sonogram-ever/ [30 Oct. 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Software Reuse: Major Issues Need to Be Resolved Before Benefits Can Be Achieved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gruhl DK. Santa Rosa Adopt-A-Grandparent Plus program: A grant proposal project. California State University, Long Beach: 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. Clinton Chats With Reagan, Then Heads Out to the Mall. New York Times: 17, 1992.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2, 4).
This sentence cites four references (2, 4, 6, 8).

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.
ISSN (print)	0193-1857
ISSN (online)	1522-1547
Scope	Physiology Gastroenterology Hepatology Physiology (medical)