How to format your references using the American Journal of Surgical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Surgical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moore A. Science teaching must evolve. Nature 2008;453:31–32.

A journal article with 2 authors

Christensen CH, Nørskov JK. Chemistry. Green gold catalysis. Science 2010;327:278–279.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sainsbury S, Niesser J, Cramer P. Structure and function of the initially transcribing RNA polymerase II-TFIIB complex. Nature 2013;493:437–440.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Guimerà R, Uzzi B, Spiro J, et al. Team assembly mechanisms determine collaboration network structure and team performance. Science 2005;308:697–702.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Huzurbazar AV. Flowgraph Models for Multistate Time-to-Event Data: Huzurbazar/Flowgraph Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Zeng Z. Dendritic Cells: Biophysics, Tumor Microenvironment and Chinese Traditional Medicine. (Xu X, Chen D, eds.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Fang M. A Constitutional Analysis of China’s Fiscal Transfers—The Perspective on Central and Local Relationship. In: Liu X, ed. Public Budgeting Reform in China: Theory and Practice. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015:57–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Surgical Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Find “Reset” Button For The Body Clock. IFLScience 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-reveal-how-our-body-clocks-reset/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Intelligent Transportation Systems: Improved DOT Collaboration and Communication Could Enhance the Use of Technology to Manage Congestion. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Roberson BN. Motivation towards learning perceived in Socratic seminar versus traditional lecture. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. For ‘American Idol,’ a Possible Comeback. New York Times. February 9, 2017:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Surgical Pathology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Surg. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0147-5185
ISSN (online)	1532-0979
Scope	Anatomy Pathology and Forensic Medicine Surgery