How to format your references using the Annals of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Overpeck JT. Climate change. The hole record. Nature. 2000 Feb 17;403(6771):714–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rohrbach A, Schmidt MW. Redox freezing and melting in the Earth’s deep mantle resulting from carbon-iron redox coupling. Nature. 2011 Apr 14;472(7342):209–12.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yang L, Yang N, Li B. Reduction of thermal conductivity by nanoscale 3D phononic crystal. Sci Rep. 2013 Jan 31;3:1143.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ogawa N, Hoshisashi K, Sekiguchi H, Ichiyanagi K, Matsushita Y, Hirohata Y, et al. Tracking 3D picometer-scale motions of single nanoparticles with high-energy electron probes. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2201.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moritz FG. Electromechanical Motion Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Simon EE, editor. Hyponatremia: Evaluation and Treatment. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. XIII, 256 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Budisantoso T, Bhati A, Bradshaw A, Tang CM. Hedonic Shopping Motivation: Does It Really Matter? In: Mandal P, Vong J, editors. Development of Tourism and the Hospitality Industry in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p. 51–64. (Managing the Asian Century).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014. Titanium Dioxide Roofs Could Fight Air Pollution.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Government Aircraft: Observations on Travel by Senior Officials. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Jun. Report No.: NSIAD-95-168BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stroot PG. Novel Reverse Transcription Method Confirms Growth Inhibition of Bacteria Exposed to Domestic Wastewater [Doctoral dissertation]. [Cincinnati, OH]: University of Cincinnati; 2004.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Vasily Aksyonov, 76, Exiled Soviet Writer. New York Times. 2009 Jul 8;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
Scope	General Medicine Internal Medicine