How to format your references using the Annals of Neurology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Neurology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sarewitz D. World view: Curing climate backlash. Nature 2010;464(7285):28.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ödman-Govender CJ, Kelleghan D. SPORE series winner. Astronomical perspectives for young children. Science 2011;333(6046):1106–1107.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weeks SJ, Currie B, Bakun A. Massive emissions of toxic gas in the Atlantic. Nature 2002;415(6871):493–494.

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Rajagopalan H, Bardelli A, Lengauer C, et al. Tumorigenesis: RAF/RAS oncogenes and mismatch-repair status. Nature 2002;418(6901):934.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ruehli AE, Antonini G, Jiang L. Circuit Oriented Electromagnetic Modeling Using the Peec Techniques. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Salgado LC de C. A Journey Through Cultures: Metaphors for Guiding the Design of Cross-Cultural Interactive Systems. London: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Asrani R. Economic Implications of Intellectual Property Rights in Evolving Markets. In: Manimala MJ, Wasdani KP, editors. Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Perspectives from Emerging Economies. New Delhi: Springer India; 2015 p. 109–131.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Neurology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Even Without The Asteroid, Dinosaurs Faced Double Doom [Internet]. IFLScience 2017;[cited 2018 Oct 30 ] Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/even-without-the-asteroid-dinosaurs-faced-double-doom/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Project SAFECOM: Key Cross-Agency Emergency Communications Effort Requires Stronger Collaboration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Best W. Beneath the Silence. 2009;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Moscow Never Sleeps. New York Times 2017;C9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Neurology
Abbreviation	Ann. Neurol.
ISSN (print)	0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology