How to format your references using the Annals of Nuclear Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Nuclear Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Debe MK. Electrocatalyst approaches and challenges for automotive fuel cells. Nature. 2012;486:43–51.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. McNamara AK, Zhong S. Thermochemical structures beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean. Nature. 2005;437:1136–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Zhang Q, Piston DW, Goodman RH. Regulation of corepressor function by nuclear NADH. Science. 2002;295:1895–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Bonatti E, Ligi M, Brunelli D, Cipriani A, Fabretti P, Ferrante V, et al. Mantle thermal pulses below the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and temporal variations in the formation of oceanic lithosphere. Nature. 2003;423:499–505.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sandou G. Metaheuristic Optimization for the Design of Automatic Control Laws. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Bucur D. Variational Methods in Shape Optimization Problems. Buttazzo G, editor. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bhojwani SS, Dantu PK. Tissue and Cell Culture. In: Dantu PK, editor. Plant Tissue Culture: An Introductory Text. New Delhi: Springer India; 2013. p. 39–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Nuclear Medicine.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Signs Of 14,000-Year-Old Human Habitation Found In Southern South America [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/signs-of-14000-year-old-human-habitation-found-in-southern-south-america/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. FAA Budget: Key Issues in Facilities and Equipment and Operations Accounts Need Resolution. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jun. Report No.: T-RCED-91-58.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Watson WA. Middle school students’ experiences on a science museum field trip as Preparation for Future Learning [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hollander S. Maryland and Princeton Gain Final With Routs. New York Times. 2000 May 20;D8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Nuclear Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Nucl. Med.
ISSN (print)	0914-7187
ISSN (online)	1864-6433
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging