How to format your references using the Annals of Operations Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Operations Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Türler, A. (2015). Nuclear chemistry: Lawrencium bridges a knowledge gap. Nature, 520(7546), 166–167.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ray, L. B., & Gough, N. R. (2002). Orienteering strategies for a signaling maze. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5573), 1632–1633.

A journal article with 3 authors

Benton, M. J., Wills, M. A., & Hitchin, R. (2000). Quality of the fossil record through time. Nature, 403(6769), 534–537.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Polyn, S. M., Natu, V. S., Cohen, J. D., & Norman, K. A. (2005). Category-specific cortical activity precedes retrieval during memory search. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5756), 1963–1966.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kelly, V. A. (2015). ADDICTION in the Family: What Every Counselor Needs to Know. Alexandria, USA: American Counseling Association.

An edited book

Arndt, N. (2012). Metals and Society: An Introduction to Economic Geology. (C. Ganino, Ed.) (Vol. 2). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Shirabe, T. (2011). Information on the Consequence of a Move and Its Use for Route Improvisation Support. In M. Egenhofer, N. Giudice, R. Moratz, & M. Worboys (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory: 10th International Conference, COSIT 2011, Belfast, ME, USA, September 12-16, 2011. Proceedings (pp. 57–72). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Operations Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, September 25). Orangutans Need More Than Your Well-Meaning Clicktivism. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/orangutans-need-more-your-well-meaning-clicktivism/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2012). Highway Safety: Federal and State Efforts Related to Accidents That Involve Non-Commercial Vehicles Carrying Unsecured Loads (No. GAO-13-24). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hung, H.-C. (2006). Allocation of Jobs and Resources to Work Centers (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W. (2016, February 25). Puerto Rico Debt Plan Prioritizes Pensions. New York Times, p. B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Türler 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Ray and Gough 2002; Türler 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ray and Gough 2002)
Three or more authors: (Polyn et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Operations Research
Abbreviation	Ann. Oper. Res.
ISSN (print)	0254-5330
ISSN (online)	1572-9338
Scope	General Decision Sciences Management Science and Operations Research