How to format your references using the Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Willems J. Bringing down the barriers. Nature 2003;422:470.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Nagamatsu S, Ohara-Imaizumi M. Cell biology. IP7 debut in insulin release. Science 2007;318:1249–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ball LT, Lloyd-Jones GC, Russell CA. Gold-catalyzed direct arylation. Science 2012;337:1644–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Pahnke K, Zahn R, Elderfield H, Schulz M. 340,000-year centennial-scale marine record of Southern Hemisphere climatic oscillation. Science 2003;301:948–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Orford J. Addiction Dilemmas. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Fred A, Dietz JLG, Liu K, Filipe J, editors. Knowledge Discovery, Knowlege Engineering and Knowledge Management: First International Joint Conference, IC3K 2009, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, October 6-8, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 128. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ganov S, Killmar C, Khurshid S, Perry DE. Event Listener Analysis and Symbolic Execution for Testing GUI Applications. In: Breitman K, Cavalcanti A, editors. Formal Methods and Software Engineering: 11th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods ICFEM 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, December 9-12, 2009. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 69–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Rourke T. The Physical Effects Of Heartbreak on Your Health. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/this-is-how-heartbreak-physically-effects-your-body/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Missile Development: Development Status of the Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Boos AL. The post-abortion experience: A content analysis. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Lehman S. The Big Try-On. New York Times 2016:F4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med.
ISSN (print)	1877-0657
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation