How to format your references using the Applied Geography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Geography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mackman, N. (2008). Triggers, targets and treatments for thrombosis. Nature, 451(7181), 914–918.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lewis, S. L., & Maslin, M. A. (2015). Defining the anthropocene. Nature, 519(7542), 171–180.

A journal article with 3 authors

Stinchcombe, J., Bossi, G., & Griffiths, G. M. (2004). Linking albinism and immunity: the secrets of secretory lysosomes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5680), 55–59.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Ostermann, A., Waschipky, R., Parak, F. G., & Nienhaus, G. U. (2000). Ligand binding and conformational motions in myoglobin. Nature, 404(6774), 205–208.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lenk, R., & Lenk, C. (2011). Practical Lighting Design With LEDs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bajohr, F., & Löw, A. (Eds.). (2016). The Holocaust and European Societies: Social Processes and Social Dynamics. Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Allinson, R. (2005). The Birth of Spiritual Economics. In L. Zsolnai (Ed.), Spirituality and Ethics in Management (pp. 61–74). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Geography.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2016, October 12). All EU Homes To Have Electric Car Charging Ports By 2019. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/all-eu-homes-to-have-electric-car-charging-ports-by-2019/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1987). National Science Foundation: Problems Found in Decision Process for Awarding Earthquake Center (RCED-87-146). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stewart, D. A. (2013). Principals’ post-observation feedback and its influence on teacher professional growth at two Southern California Catholic high schools [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kepner, T. (2016, October 31). 7th Inning? Bring In the Closer. New York Times, B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mackman, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Lewis & Maslin, 2015; Mackman, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lewis & Maslin, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Ostermann et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Geography
Abbreviation	Appl. Geogr.
ISSN (print)	0143-6228
Scope	Forestry Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management General Environmental Science Geography, Planning and Development