How to format your references using the Applied Radiation and Isotopes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Radiation and Isotopes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Poste, G., 2011. Bring on the biomarkers. Nature 469, 156–157.

A journal article with 2 authors

Messina, R., Ben-Abdallah, P., 2013. Graphene-based photovoltaic cells for near-field thermal energy conversion. Sci. Rep. 3, 1383.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cohen, J.C., Horton, J.D., Hobbs, H.H., 2011. Human fatty liver disease: old questions and new insights. Science 332, 1519–1523.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li, Y., Brown, J.H., Reshetnikova, L., Blazsek, A., Farkas, L., Nyitray, L., Cohen, C., 2003. Visualization of an unstable coiled coil from the scallop myosin rod. Nature 424, 341–345.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Monino, J.-L., Sedkaoui, S., 2016. Big Data, Open Data and Data Development. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Pont, J.-C. (Ed.), 2009. Collected Works of Charles François Sturm. Birkhäuser, Basel.

A chapter in an edited book

Coughenour, M., Behnke, R., Lomas, J., Price, K., 2008. Forage Distributions, Range Condition, and the Importance of Pastoral Movement in Central Asia - A Remote Sensing Study, in: Behnke, R. (Ed.), The Socio-Economic Causes and Consequences of Desertification in Central Asia, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 45–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Radiation and Isotopes.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. We all Age at Different Speeds – and Scientists Have Worked out how to Calculate it [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/we-all-age-different-speeds-and-scientists-have-worked-out-how-calculate-it/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. Air Safety: FAA’s Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (No. RCED-88-66BR). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Collette, J.C., 2017. Validation of the tgFgfr1-EGFP Mouse Line as a Tool to Study Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Cellular Localization and Expression After Experimental Manipulations (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyman, R., Walsh, M.W., 2014. Task Force Report Urges Municipalities to Stop Hiding Fiscal Troubles. New York Times A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Poste, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Messina and Ben-Abdallah, 2013; Poste, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Messina and Ben-Abdallah, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Li et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Radiation and Isotopes
Abbreviation	Appl. Radiat. Isot.
ISSN (print)	0969-8043
Scope	Radiation