How to format your references using the Applied Spectroscopy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Spectroscopy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

R.H. Crabtree. “Chemistry. A new oxidation state for Pd?” Science. 2002. 295(5553): 288–289.

A journal article with 2 authors

M.H. Sieweke, J.E. Allen. “Beyond stem cells: self-renewal of differentiated macrophages”. Science. 2013. 342(6161): 1242974.

A journal article with 3 authors

C. Cabernard, K.E. Prehoda, C.Q. Doe. “A spindle-independent cleavage furrow positioning pathway”. Nature. 2010. 467(7311): 91–94.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

A.E. Saal, E.H. Hauri, C.H. Langmuir, M.R. Perfit. “Vapour undersaturation in primitive mid-ocean-ridge basalt and the volatile content of Earth’s upper mantle”. Nature. 2002. 419(6906): 451–455.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

P. Barnes. The JCT 05 Standard Building Sub-Contract. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2008.

An edited book

A.B. Malinowska. Quantum Variational Calculus. D.F.M. Torres, editor. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

E. Farcas, W. Pree, J. Templ. “Bus Scheduling for TDL Components”. In: R.H. Reussner, J.A. Stafford, C.A. Szyperski, editors. Architecting Systems with Trustworthy Components: International Seminar, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, December 12-17, 2004. Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006. Pp. 71–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Spectroscopy.

Blog post

E. Andrew. “Optical Tweezers: Splitting and Colliding Ultracold Atom Clouds”. IFLScience. IFLScience, 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/optical-tweezers-splitting-and-colliding-ultracold-atom-clouds/ [Oct 30 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. First Look at Senior Executive Service Performance Awards/NASA. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

S.L. Fonfa. The impact of increased security on the employment options and lives of people with severe disabilities. [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

M. Paulson. ‘King Kong’ Gets Closer to Broadway. New York Times. 2017. C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Spectroscopy
Abbreviation	Appl. Spectrosc.
ISSN (print)	0003-7028
ISSN (online)	1943-3530
Scope	Spectroscopy Instrumentation