How to format your references using the Arab Economic and Business Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arab Economic and Business Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zehr, J. P. (2015). EVOLUTION. How single cells work together. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6253), 1163–1164.

A journal article with 2 authors

Min, J.-H., & Pavletich, N. P. (2007). Recognition of DNA damage by the Rad4 nucleotide excision repair protein. Nature, 449(7162), 570–575.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bryant, P., Nunes, T., & Snaith, R. (2000). Children learn an untaught rule of spelling. Nature, 403(6766), 157–158.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Karlsson, M., Rebmann, B., Lienemann, P. S., Sprossmann, N., Ehrbar, M., Radziwill, G., & Weber, W. (2013). Pharmacologically controlled protein switch for ON-OFF regulation of growth factor activity. Scientific Reports, 3, 2716.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Singleton, T. W., & Singleton, A. J. (2010). Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Borst, R. de, & Sadowski, T. (Eds.). (2009). Lecture Notes on Composite Materials: Current Topics and Achievements (Vol. 154). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim, J., & Kim, S. (2009). Bilateral Filtered Shadow Maps. In G. Bebis, R. Boyle, B. Parvin, D. Koracin, Y. Kuno, J. Wang, R. Pajarola, P. Lindstrom, A. Hinkenjann, M. L. Encarnação, C. T. Silva, & D. Coming (Eds.), Advances in Visual Computing: 5th International Symposium, ISVC 2009, Las Vegas, NV, USA, November 30-December 2, 2009. Proceedings, Part II (pp. 49–58). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arab Economic and Business Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, September 2). Shift From Electronics To Spintronics Opens Up Possibilities Of Faster Data. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2013). Chemical Assessments: An Agencywide Strategy May Help EPA Address Unmet Needs for Integrated Risk Information System Assessments (GAO-13-369). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davis, T. E. (2010). Sedimentation solutions for the Port of Gulfport, MS [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

David Goodman, J. (2015, September 3). Tears and Anger in Queens After Mother Loses Another Son to Violence. New York Times, A26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zehr, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Min & Pavletich, 2007; Zehr, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Min & Pavletich, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Karlsson et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arab Economic and Business Journal
Abbreviation	Arab Econ. Bus. J.
ISSN (print)	2214-4625
Scope