How to format your references using the Arab Journal of Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arab Journal of Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Blair HT. Neuroscience. Charting the islands of memory. Science 2014;343:846–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Woolhouse M, Donaldson A. Managing foot-and-mouth. Nature 2001;410:515–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Arash B, Wang Q, Varadan VK. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/polymer composites. Sci Rep 2014;4:6479.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Venkataraman L, Klare JE, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Steigerwald ML. Dependence of single-molecule junction conductance on molecular conformation. Nature 2006;442:904–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Spector P. Understanding Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Maurer M, Gerdes JC, Lenz B, Winner H, editors. Autonomous Driving: Technical, Legal and Social Aspects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Downs SM, Johns LK. Clinical Decision-Making. In: Finnell JT, Dixon BE, editors. Clinical Informatics Study Guide: Text and Review, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 69–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arab Journal of Urology.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Poorer Nations Are More Committed To Wildlife Conservation Than Richer Ones. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/poorer-nations-are-more-committed-to-wildlife-conservation-than-richer-ones/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. NASA: Assessments of Selected Large-Scale Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Siani JM. Costs and benefits of cooperative infant care in wild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Grynbaum MM. Remarks Draw Backlash That Unites a Normally Fractious News Media. New York Times 2017:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Arab Journal of Urology
Abbreviation	Arab J. Urol.
ISSN (print)	2090-598X
Scope	Urology