How to format your references using the Arachnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arachnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

GAINES, S. 2001: Sex, love and science. Nature 413: 255.

A journal article with 2 authors

IRWING, P. & R. LYNN 2006: Intelligence: is there a sex difference in IQ scores? Nature 442: E1; discussion E1-2.

A journal article with 3 authors

BEHRINGER, D.C., M.J. BUTLER & J.D. SHIELDS 2006: Ecology: avoidance of disease by social lobsters. Nature 441: 421.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

ROMANOWSKY, A.J., N.G. DOUGLAS, M. ARNABOLDI, K. KUIJKEN, M.R. MERRIFIELD, N.R. NAPOLITANO, M. CAPACCIOLI & K.C. FREEMAN 2003: A dearth of dark matter in ordinary elliptical galaxies. Science (New York, N.Y.) 301: 1696–1698.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

OVERHAUSER, A. 2010: Anomalous Effects in Simple Metals. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

TONG, V.C.H. ed. 2014: 20 Geoscience Research and Education: Teaching at Universities. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

CHINI, D., F. PIRRI, M.C. PETTENATI, S. INNOCENTI & L. CIOFI 2010: InterDataNet Naming System: A Scalable Architecture for Managing URIs of Heterogeneous and Distributed Data with Rich Semantics. In: T. Zseby, R. Savola, and M. Pistore (Eds), Future Internet - FIS 2009: Second Future Internet Symposium, FIS 2009, Berlin, Germany, September 1-3, 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 36–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arachnology.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. 2016: Homework Could Have An Impact On Kids’ Health. Should Schools Ban It? IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/homework-could-have-impact-kids-health-should-schools-ban-it/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 1992: NASA Issues. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

WOLFE, C.J. 2012: Dimensions of Purchasing Social Responsibility in Sustainable Supply Chain Organizations. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

WALSH, M.W. 2016: No 401(k)? California Will Step In for Workers. New York Times: B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gaines 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Gaines 2001; Irwing & Lynn 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Irwing & Lynn 2006)
Three or more authors: (Romanowsky et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arachnology
ISSN (print)	2050-9928
ISSN (online)	2050-9936
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Insect Science