How to format your references using the Archives of Osteoporosis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Osteoporosis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon D (2002) Microarray technology: an array of opportunities. Nature 416:885–891

A journal article with 2 authors

Claustre H, Maritorena S (2003) Ocean science. The many shades of ocean blue. Science 302:1514–1515

A journal article with 3 authors

Brown CD, Johnson DS, Sidow A (2007) Functional architecture and evolution of transcriptional elements that drive gene coexpression. Science 317:1557–1560

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lin S-J, Kaeberlein M, Andalis AA, et al (2002) Calorie restriction extends Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan by increasing respiration. Nature 418:344–348

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anichini G, Carraro F, Geslin P, Guille-Escuret G (2017) Technicity vs Scientificity. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Chang M, Kuo R, Kinshuk, et al (2009) Learning by Playing. Game-based Education System Design and Development: 4th International Conference on E-Learning and Games, Edutainment 2009, Banff, Canada, August 9-11, 2009. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Huo WM, Panesi M, Magin TE (2012) Ionization Phenomena behind Shock Waves. In: Brun R (ed) High Temperature Phenomena in Shock Waves. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 149–192

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Osteoporosis.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) How National Security Gave Birth To Bioethics. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983) Improvements in Certain District of Columbia Public Schools’ Administrative Operations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen J (2012) Adherence to medications among Vietnamese Americans 65 years of age and older. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2006) QUICK BITE/Wharton; No Sawdust, But a Real Pit. New York Times 14NJ9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Osteoporosis
Abbreviation	Arch. Osteoporos.
ISSN (print)	1862-3522
ISSN (online)	1862-3514
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine