How to format your references using the Arctic Environmental Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arctic Environmental Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cairns J (2004) The usefulness of parody. Nature 428: 23.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rodriguez IB, Ho T-Y (2014) Diel nitrogen fixation pattern of Trichodesmium: the interactive control of light and Ni. Scientific reports 4: 4445.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ryu H-W, Park C-W, Ryu K-Y (2014) Disruption of polyubiquitin gene Ubb causes dysregulation of neural stem cell differentiation with premature gliogenesis. Scientific reports 4: 7026.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ge S, Goh ELK, Sailor KA, Kitabatake Y, Ming G-L, Song H (2006) GABA regulates synaptic integration of newly generated neurons in the adult brain. Nature 439: 589–593.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tattar PN, Ramaiah S, Manjunath BG (2016) A Course in Statistics With R. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Calude CS, Kari J, Petre I, Rozenberg G (Eds) (2011) 6714 Unconventional Computation: 10th International Conference, UC 2011, Turku, Finland, June 6-10, 2011. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, X, 247 p. 76 illus., 13 illus. in color pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Dybkjær L (2015) Reasons Behind the Privatization of Datacentralen. In: Gram C, Rasmussen P, Østergaard SD (Eds), History of Nordic Computing 4: 4th IFIP WG 9.7 Conference, HiNC 4, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 13-15, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 41–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arctic Environmental Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Explainer: Why Rosetta Comet Mission is Such a Big Deal. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/explainer-why-rosetta-comet-mission-such-big-deal/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Aviation Security: TSA Has Made Progress, but Additional Efforts Are Needed to Improve Security. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arendt KR (2015) Symbiosis establishment and ecological effects of endohyphal bacteria on foliar fungi. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2016) A Father and a Family, Dissolving Into Darkness. New York Times: C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cairns 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Cairns 2004, Rodriguez and Ho 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rodriguez and Ho 2014)
Three or more authors: (Ge et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arctic Environmental Research
ISSN (print)	2541-8416
ISSN (online)	2658-7173
Scope