How to format your references using the Artificial Intelligence and Law citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Artificial Intelligence and Law. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mace GM (2014) Ecology. Whose conservation? Science 345:1558–1560

A journal article with 2 authors

Stixrude L, Karki B (2005) Structure and freezing of MgSiO3 liquid in Earth’s lower mantle. Science 310:297–299

A journal article with 3 authors

Schneider DM, Nelson A, Mooney R (2014) A synaptic and circuit basis for corollary discharge in the auditory cortex. Nature 513:189–194

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Chassagneux Y, Colombelli R, Maineult W, et al (2009) Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions. Nature 457:174–178

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pease G (2015) Optimize Your Greatest Asset-Your People. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Frerich S, Meisen T, Richert A, et al (eds) (2016) Engineering Education 4.0: Excellent Teaching and Learning in Engineering Sciences. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

McGregor J (2008) Undue Influence as Coercive Offers in Clinical Trials. In: Reidy DA, Riker WJ (eds) Coercion and the State. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 45–59

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Artificial Intelligence and Law.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Watch This Video On How And Why CRISPR Gene Editing Will Change The World. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/watch-this-video-on-how-and-why-crispr-gene-editing-will-change-the-world/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Highway Trust Fund: Pilot Program Could Help Determine the Viability of Mileage Fees for Certain Vehicles. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lucas WA (2017) Dynamics of Food Consumption in a Q’eqchi’ Maya Community. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Park LS (2013) Endangered Daughters. New York Times BR21

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mace 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Stixrude and Karki 2005; Mace 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stixrude and Karki 2005)
Three or more authors: (Chassagneux et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Artificial Intelligence and Law
Abbreviation	Artif. Intell. Law
ISSN (print)	0924-8463
ISSN (online)	1572-8382
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Law