How to format your references using the Artificial Intelligence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Artificial Intelligence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R.J. Sawyer, The abdication of Pope Mary III...or Galileo’s revenge, Nature 406 (2000) 23.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

I. Salazar-Ciudad, M. Marín-Riera, Adaptive dynamics under development-based genotype-phenotype maps, Nature 497 (2013) 361–364.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

O.D. Velev, B.G. Prevo, K.H. Bhatt, On-chip manipulation of free droplets, Nature 426 (2003) 515–516.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

C. Hodges, L. Bintu, L. Lubkowska, M. Kashlev, C. Bustamante, Nucleosomal fluctuations govern the transcription dynamics of RNA polymerase II, Science 325 (2009) 626–628.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R.L. Stein, Kinetics of Enzyme Action, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

W. Walther, ed., Current Strategies in Cancer Gene Therapy, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

P. Cotofrei, K. Stoffel, Time Granularity in Temporal Data Mining, in: A. Abraham, A.-E. Hassanien, A.P. de Leon F. de Carvalho, V. Snášel (Eds.), Foundations of Computational, IntelligenceVolume 6: Data Mining, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009: pp. 67–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Artificial Intelligence.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Japan Is Going To The Moon!, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/japan-announces-moon-mission/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Proposed Legislation to Fund and Establish a Nonprofit National Center for Long-Term Environmental Research, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.Y. Theis, Accessing mental health services among Asian American adults: Evidence from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

C. Kelly, Austin Auteur Tries Traditional but Stays Eccentric, New York Times (2012) A27B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Artificial Intelligence
Abbreviation	Artif. Intell.
ISSN (print)	0004-3702
Scope	Language and Linguistics Artificial Intelligence Linguistics and Language