How to format your references using the Asia-Pacific Science Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asia-Pacific Science Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kargel, J. S. (2006). Enceladus: cosmic gymnast, volatile miniworld. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5766), 1389–1391.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen, D., & Ma, X. L. (2013). Local decomposition induced by dislocation motions inside tetragonal Al(2)Cu compound: slip system-dependent dynamics. Scientific reports, 3, 3157.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chuang, Y.-C., Wu, J.-Y., & Lin, M.-F. (2013). Electric field dependence of excitation spectra in AB-stacked bilayer graphene. Scientific reports, 3, 1368.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Mejlgaard, N., Woolley, R., Bloch, C., Bührer, S., Griessler, E., Jäger, A., et al. (2018). Europe’s plans for responsible science. Science (New York, N.Y.), 361(6404), 761–762.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blevins, R. D. (2015). Formulas for Dynamics, Acoustics and Vibration. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Ajjan, R., & Orme, S. M. (Eds.). (2015). Endocrinology and Diabetes: Case Studies, Questions and Commentaries. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Toyama, H., Nakano, M., Satake, Y., & Toyama, N. (2008). Rapid Isolation of the Trichoderma Strain with Higher Degrading Ability of a Filter Paper and Superior Proliferation Characteristics Using Avicel Plates and the Double-Layer Selection Medium. In W. S. Adney, J. D. McMillan, J. Mielenz, & K. T. Klasson (Eds.), Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held April 29–May 2, 2007, in Denver, Colorado (pp. 23–28). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asia-Pacific Science Education.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, October 26). New Study Reveals How Childhood Trauma Messes Up The Brain. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/new-study-reveals-childhood-trauma-up-brain/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2004). Air Traffic Control: FAA Needs to Ensure Better Coordination When Approving Air Traffic Control Systems (No. GAO-05-11). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Al khuwaildi, H. A. (2010). Green techniques in the healthcare system (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chan, S. (2017, July 19). BBC Publishes Pay of Top Stars, Revealing Gender and Racial Gaps. New York Times, p. A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kargel 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Chen and Ma 2013; Kargel 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chen and Ma 2013)
Three or more authors: (Mejlgaard et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Asia-Pacific Science Education
ISSN (online)	2364-1177
Scope