How to format your references using the Asian Journal of German and European Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asian Journal of German and European Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schwartz JH (2004) Anthropology. Getting to know Homo erectus. Science 305:53–54

A journal article with 2 authors

Enquist BJ, Niklas KJ (2002) Global allocation rules for patterns of biomass partitioning in seed plants. Science 295:1517–1520

A journal article with 3 authors

Pompilio L, Kacelnik A, Behmer ST (2006) State-dependent learned valuation drives choice in an invertebrate. Science 311:1613–1615

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang H-J, Xi X-K, Kleinhammes A, Wu Y (2008) Temperature-induced hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition observed by water adsorption. Science 322:80–83

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ezra D, Collie B, Smith MX (2009) The Retirement Plan Solution. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Cuntz H, Remme MWH, Torben-Nielsen B (eds) (2014) The Computing Dendrite: From Structure to Function. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Lee W (2015) Structural Engineering of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) and Applications. In: Losic D, Santos A (eds) Nanoporous Alumina: Fabrication, Structure, Properties and Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 107–153

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asian Journal of German and European Studies.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) These Maps Show The Most Popular Porn Searches In Each US State. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/these-maps-show-the-most-popular-porn-searches-in-each-us-state/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Army Training: Improvements Are Needed in 5-Ton Truck Driver Training and Supervision. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ennaco WA (2014) Mastering morphosyntax: A pre-experimental study on the effectiveness of a parent-training program for preschoolaged children with specific language impairment. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman W (2013) Mayor Ousted In Colombia After Claims Of Bungling. New York Times A6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schwartz 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Enquist and Niklas 2002; Schwartz 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Enquist and Niklas 2002)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Asian Journal of German and European Studies
Abbreviation	Asian J. Ger. Eur. Stud.
ISSN (online)	2199-4579
Scope