How to format your references using the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asian Journal of Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawler A. 2007 U.S. budget. NASA budget soars as shuttle lands. Science 2006;313:280.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fields RD, Stevens-Graham B. New insights into neuron-glia communication. Science 2002;298:556–62.

A journal article with 3 authors

Truog RD, Kesselheim AS, Joffe S. Research ethics. Paying patients for their tissue: the legacy of Henrietta Lacks. Science 2012;337:37–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Igakura T, Stinchcombe JC, Goon PKC, Taylor GP, Weber JN, Griffiths GM, et al. Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton. Science 2003;299:1713–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dincer I, Rosen MA, Ahmadi P. Optimization of Energy Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Boulicaut J-F, Raedt LD, Mannila H, editors. Constraint-Based Mining and Inductive Databases: European Workshop on Inductive Databases and Constraint Based Mining, Hinterzarten, Germany, March 11-13, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Janowitz MF. Sara Roelofse, Matron of New Amsterdam. In: Janowitz MF, Dallal D, editors. Tales of Gotham, Historical Archaeology, Ethnohistory and Microhistory of New York City. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. page 65–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asian Journal of Neurosurgery.

Blog post

Andrew D. Here’s Why Daylight Saving Time Isn’t Worth The Trouble It Causes [Internet]. IFLScience2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/heres-why-daylight-saving-time-isnt-worth-the-trouble-it-causes/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Station: Cost Control Problems Continue to Worsen. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haneef NJ. A synthesized conceptual framework for the design of user interfaces of interactive information products. 2009;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu L. Fact Check: Rumors, Claims And Context on G.O.P. Health Bill. New York Times2017;A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Asian Journal of Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Asian J. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	1793-5482
ISSN (online)	2248-9614
Scope