How to format your references using the Australasian Emergency Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Australasian Emergency Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

FitzGerald GA. BIOMEDICINE. Bringing PGE₂ in from the cold. Science 2015;348:1208–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Khosla C, Harbury PB. Modular enzymes. Nature 2001;409:247–52.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Waterhouse PM, Wang MB, Lough T. Gene silencing as an adaptive defence against viruses. Nature 2001;411:834–42.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Alewell C, Manderscheid B, Meesenburg H, Bittersohl J. Is acidification still an ecological threat? Nature 2000;407:856–7; discussion 857-8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Smith EM. Advances in Thermal Design of Heat Exchangers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Lemos R de, Giandomenico FD, Gacek C, Muccini H, Vieira M, editors. Architecting Dependable Systems V. vol. 5135. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Wilson D. The Education and Training of Knowledge Workers. In: Zajda J, Freeman K, Geo-Jaja M, Majhanovic S, Rust V, Zajda R, editors. International Handbook on Globalisation, Education and Policy Research: Global Pedagogies and Policies, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005, p. 49–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Australasian Emergency Care.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. New Analysis Of Sunspot History Challenges Climate Skeptics. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/errors-sunspot-data/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Excess Classroom Space--A Case for Better Planning. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Day C. Medication-assisted treatment: Education for those who assist in the treatment of substance use disorders curriculum development. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly D. Face to Face With Bergman. New York Times 1994:735.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Australasian Emergency Care
ISSN (print)	2588-994X
Scope