How to format your references using the Avian Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Avian Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Finlay, BB. Microbiology. Cracking Listeria’s password. Science 292:1665–1667; 2001.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Liu, Z, and TD Herbert. High-latitude influence on the eastern equatorial Pacific climate in the early Pleistocene epoch. Nature 427:720–723; 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. George, AM, J Iñiguez, and L Bellaiche. Anomalous properties in ferroelectrics induced by atomic ordering. Nature 413:54–57; 2001.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Fan, Z, Y Sun, Di Chen, D Tay, W Chen, CX Deng, and J Fu. Acoustic tweezing cytometry for live-cell subcellular modulation of intracellular cytoskeleton contractility. Sci. Rep. 3:2176; 2013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bacon, CR. Practical Risk-Adjusted Performance Measurement. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK. 2012.

An edited book

1. Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures: 11th International Conference, FOSSACS 2008, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2008, Budapest, Hungary, March 29 - April 6, 2008. Proceedings (R Amadio, editor). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Koziol, LA, and RW Pyrek. The Concept of Classification of Tourist Motivation Factors. In: V Katsoni, editor. Cultural Tourism in a Digital Era: First International Conference IACuDiT, Athens, 2014. Springer International Publishing, Cham. p. 57–66; 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Avian Diseases.

Blog post

1. Andrew, E. High Court Rules Breast Cancer Gene Cannot Be Patented. IFLScience:2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/high-court-rules-breast-cancer-gene-cannot-be-patented/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: Review of the South Boston Piers Transitway Finance Plan. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Luvani, KD. AIRtouch: An Intelligent Virtual Keyboard [Doctoral dissertation] . California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse, L. Job Bias Case Turns on Filing Right Form. New York Times:A25; 2007.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2,4).
This sentence cites four references (2,4,6,8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Avian Diseases
Abbreviation	Avian Dis.
ISSN (print)	0005-2086
ISSN (online)	1938-4351
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Immunology and Microbiology Food Animals