How to format your references using the Bioactive Materials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Bioactive Materials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B. Berry, Teacherpreneurs: a bold brand of teacher leadership for 21st-century teaching and learning, Science 340 (2013) 309–310.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

N. Soshnikova, D. Duboule, Epigenetic temporal control of mouse Hox genes in vivo, Science 324 (2009) 1320–1323.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

B. Berkhout, A.T. Das, N. Beerens, HIV-1 RNA editing, hypermutation, and error-prone reverse transcription, Science 292 (2001) 7.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.E. Hoffman, E.W. Hudson, K.M. Lang, V. Madhavan, H. Eisaki, S. Uchida, J.C. Davis, A four unit cell periodic pattern of quasi-particle states surrounding vortex cores in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, Science 295 (2002) 466–469.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

G.R. Samuel, Formulas and Calculations for Drilling Operations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

X.-G. Li, Analytic Curve Frequency-Sweeping Stability Tests for Systems with Commensurate Delays, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C. Clunas, Text, Representation and Technique in Early Modern China, in: K. Chemla (Ed.), History of Science, History of Text, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2004: pp. 107–121.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Bioactive Materials.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Biker Was IMPALED Through The Neck By A Tree Branch, And Just Cycled To The Nearest Hospital!, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/biker-impaled-tree-branch-through-neck-and-he-simply-cycles-nearest-hospital/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Space Station: Resolving Conflict Over Integration Contractor’s Role, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

E.A. Bubert, Highly extensible skin for a variable wing-span morphing aircraft utilizing pneumatic artificial muscle actuation, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Herrman, What if Platforms Like Facebook Are Too Big to Regulate?, New York Times (2017) MM14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Bioactive Materials
Abbreviation	Bioact. Mater.
ISSN (print)	2452-199X
Scope