How to format your references using the Biodegradation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biodegradation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Harberd NP (2003) Botany. Relieving DELLA restraint. Science 299:1853–1854

A journal article with 2 authors

Moyle LC, Nakazato T (2010) Hybrid incompatibility “snowballs” between Solanum species. Science 329:1521–1523

A journal article with 3 authors

Kayukawa T, Tateishi K, Shinoda T (2013) Establishment of a versatile cell line for juvenile hormone signaling analysis in Tribolium castaneum. Sci Rep 3:1570

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Cheng YC, Kicas S, Trull J, et al (2014) Flat focusing mirror. Sci Rep 4:6326

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wu Z (2007) Software VNA and Microwave Network Design and Characterisation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Eichler A (2016) Empirical Research in Statistics Education. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Bansaye V, Méléard S (2015) Continuous State Branching Processes. In: Bansaye V (ed) Stochastic Models for Structured Populations: Scaling Limits and Long Time Behavior. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 29–38

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biodegradation.

Blog post

Andrew E (2016) Does The ‘G-Spot’ Exist? In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Temporary Emergency Impact Aid Provided Education Support for Displaced Students. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Buckley KM (2008) Diversity and evolution of 185/333, an immune -related gene family from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyman R, Walsh MW (2013) A City Borrows So Its Schools Open on Time. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Harberd 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Harberd 2003; Moyle and Nakazato 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Moyle and Nakazato 2010)
Three or more authors: (Cheng et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biodegradation
Abbreviation	Biodegradation
ISSN (print)	0923-9820
ISSN (online)	1572-9729
Scope	Bioengineering Environmental Chemistry Environmental Engineering Pollution Microbiology