How to format your references using the Biodiversity citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biodiversity. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Squire, Larry R. 2007. “Neuroscience. Rapid Consolidation.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 316 (5821): 57–58.

A journal article with 2 authors

Halfar, Jochen, and Rodney M. Fujita. 2007. “Ecology. Danger of Deep-Sea Mining.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 316 (5827): 987.

A journal article with 3 authors

Catling, D. C., K. J. Zahnle, and C. McKay. 2001. “Biogenic Methane, Hydrogen Escape, and the Irreversible Oxidation of Early Earth.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 293 (5531): 839–843.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Sugano, Shigeo S., Tomoo Shimada, Yu Imai, Katsuya Okawa, Atsushi Tamai, Masashi Mori, and Ikuko Hara-Nishimura. 2010. “Stomagen Positively Regulates Stomatal Density in Arabidopsis.” Nature 463 (7278): 241–244.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peat, Jennifer, Elizabeth Elliott, Louise Baur, and Victoria Keena. 2002. Scientific Writing Easy When You Know How. London, WC: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Aidoo, Lamonte, and Daniel F. Silva, eds. 2016. Emerging Dialogues on Machado de Assis. New Directions in Latino American Cultures. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US.

A chapter in an edited book

Abdulai, Abdul-Mumin, and Elmira Shamshiry. 2014. “The Incidence and Trend of Poverty in the Muslim World.” In Linking Sustainable Livelihoods to Natural Resources and Governance: The Scale of Poverty in the Muslim World, edited by Elmira Shamshiry, 59–76. Singapore: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biodiversity.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “The Secret Sex Life And Pregnancy Of A Seahorse Dad.” IFLScience, IFLScience, September 2. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/secret-sex-life-and-pregnancy-seahorse-dad/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Information Resources: HCFA Must Better Justify Further Data Center Expansion. IMTEC-91-65. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Spillman, Samantha A. 2014. “Is More Always Better: Comparing the Effects of Single and Multiple Learning Channels on Academic Performance.” Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), Sophia Kishkovsky. 2005. “World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Submarine Appeal In European Court.” New York Times, January 21, 2005.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Squire 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Squire 2007; Halfar and Fujita 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Halfar and Fujita 2007)
Three authors: (Catling, Zahnle, and McKay 2001)
4 or more authors: (Sugano et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biodiversity
Abbreviation	Biodiversity (Nepean)
ISSN (print)	1488-8386
ISSN (online)	2160-0651
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change Nature and Landscape Conservation