How to format your references using the Biogeosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biogeosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bonan, G. B.: Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science, 320, 1444–1449, 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

Watanabe, N. and Mitchison, T. J.: Single-molecule speckle analysis of actin filament turnover in lamellipodia, Science, 295, 1083–1086, 2002.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moldoveanu, T., Gehring, K., and Green, D. R.: Concerted multi-pronged attack by calpastatin to occlude the catalytic cleft of heterodimeric calpains, Nature, 456, 404–408, 2008.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Snow, E. S., Perkins, F. K., Houser, E. J., Badescu, S. C., and Reinecke, T. L.: Chemical detection with a single-walled carbon nanotube capacitor, Science, 307, 1942–1945, 2005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brendel, R.: Thin-Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2005.

An edited book

Day, J. W., Kemp, G. P., Freeman, A. M., and Muth, D. P. (Eds.): Perspectives on the Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: The Once and Future Delta, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, XX, 194 p. 88 illus., 51 illus. in color p., 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Bosse, S.: Design and Simulation of a Low-Resource Processing Platform for Mobile Multi-agent Systems in Distributed Heterogeneous Networks, in: Agents and Artificial Intelligence: 6th International Conference, ICAART 2014, Angers, France, March 6-8, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, edited by: Duval, B., van den Herik, J., Loiseau, S., and Filipe, J., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 63–81, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biogeosciences.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: When We Understand How HIV Replicates Despite Drug Therapy, Then We Can Stop It, 2015., 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: A-10 Close Air Support Aircraft, 093514, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hernandez, A.: Impact of the Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006 on monthly caseworker visits to children in Los Angeles County on California’s foster care system, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich, J. R.: Finding Beauty Amid the Grit, , New York Times7th OctoberC3, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bonan, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Bonan, 2008; Watanabe and Mitchison, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Watanabe and Mitchison, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Snow et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biogeosciences
Abbreviation	Biogeosciences
ISSN (print)	1726-4170
ISSN (online)	1726-4189
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Earth-Surface Processes