How to format your references using the Biological Invasions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biological Invasions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bishop RE (2014) Structural biology: Lipopolysaccharide rolls out the barrel. Nature 511:37–38

A journal article with 2 authors

Losos JB, Pringle RM (2011) Competition, predation and natural selection in island lizards. Nature 475:E1-2; discussion E3

A journal article with 3 authors

Harris HH, Pickering IJ, George GN (2003) The chemical form of mercury in fish. Science 301:1203

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li QJ, Xu ZF, Kress WJ, et al (2001) Pollination: flexible style that encourages outcrossing. Nature 410:432

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Li P, Marrongelle K (2012) Having Success with NSF. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Tonn J-C, Grossman SA, Rutka JT, Westphal M (eds) (2006) Neuro-Oncology of CNS Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Scesi L, Gattinoni P (2010) Main Flow Direction in Rock Masses. In: Gattinoni P (ed) Water Circulation in Rocks. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 73–85

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biological Invasions.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Butchered Mastodon 15,000 Years Ago Reveals Earlier Human Presence In Southeastern U.S. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/butchered-mastodon-reveals-early-human-presence-southeastern-us/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Aviation Services: Automation and Consolidation of Flight Service Stations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bade LL (2010) Extending the benefits of alcohol and drug treatment: An exploration of volunteer utilization and delivery of recovery services. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fountain H, Schwartz J (2017) Science and Medicine; Researchers Bristle at Extent of Cuts. New York Times A18

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bishop 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Losos and Pringle 2011; Bishop 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Losos and Pringle 2011)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biological Invasions
Abbreviation	Biol. Invasions
ISSN (print)	1387-3547
ISSN (online)	1573-1464
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology