How to format your references using the Biology of Sex Differences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biology of Sex Differences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Miller DM. Neuroscience. Synapses here and not everywhere. Science. 2007;317:907–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Fukami T, Morin PJ. Productivity-biodiversity relationships depend on the history of community assembly. Nature. 2003;424:423–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Parvanov ED, Petkov PM, Paigen K. Prdm9 controls activation of mammalian recombination hotspots. Science. 2010;327:835.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Yin H, Pruyne D, Huffaker TC, Bretscher A. Myosin V orientates the mitotic spindle in yeast. Nature. 2000;406:1013–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Smith EM. Advances in Thermal Design of Heat Exchangers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Riolo R, Worzel WP, Kotanchek M, Kordon A, editors. Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XIII. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Chen Q, Zhang C, Zhang S. Model Checking in Security Protocol Analysis. In: Zhang C, Zhang S, editors. Secure Transaction Protocol Analysis: Models and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 107–29.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biology of Sex Differences.

Blog post

1. Davis J. China To Encourage Its Citizens To Eat 50 Percent Less Meat [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/china-to-encourage-its-citizens-to-eat-50-percent-less-meat/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: FBI Needs to Complete Business Continuity Plans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Oct. Report No.: AIMD-00-11.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gray JL. Overcoming the threat of racial stereotyping in the workplace [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. Survivors of the Winds of Change. New York Times. 2001 Sep 2;143.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biology of Sex Differences
Abbreviation	Biol. Sex Differ.
ISSN (online)	2042-6410
Scope