How to format your references using the Biomarker Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarker Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Page DP. Comment on “Athabasca Valles, Mars: a lava-draped channel system.” Science. 2008;320:1588; author reply 1588.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Navarro M, Gull K. A pol I transcriptional body associated with VSG mono-allelic expression in Trypanosoma brucei. Nature. 2001;414:759–63.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Gibbs KA, Urbanowski ML, Greenberg EP. Genetic determinants of self identity and social recognition in bacteria. Science. 2008;321:256–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Schwickart M, Huang X, Lill JR, Liu J, Ferrando R, French DM, et al. Deubiquitinase USP9X stabilizes MCL1 and promotes tumour cell survival. Nature. 2010;463:103–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. King JA, Timacheff S. Digital Photography for Dummies®. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

1. Horváth A, Telek M, editors. Formal Methods and Stochastic Models for Performance Evaluation: Third European Performance Engineering Workshop, EPEW 2006, Budapest, Hungary, June 21-22, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Aikat A, Roy TK, Bhattacharya N. Fetal Growth and Development in the First Two Trimesters. In: Bhattacharya N, Stubblefield PG, editors. Human Fetal Growth and Development: First and Second Trimesters. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 49–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarker Research.

Blog post

1. Davis J. World’s Poorest Nations Pledge To Go 100% Renewable “As Rapidly As Possible” [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/worlds-poorest-nations-pledge-to-go-100-renewable-as-rapidly-as-possible/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Security: Federal Communications Commission Needs to Strengthen Controls over Enhanced Secured Network Project. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 Jan. Report No.: GAO-13-155.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gonzalez AX. Échale Ganas: Engaging, Educating, and Empowering Latino Males at Four-Year Institutions [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. The Facts Win Out on Abortion. New York Times. 2016 Jun 27;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarker Research
Abbreviation	Biomark. Res.
ISSN (online)	2050-7771
Scope