How to format your references using the Biomarkers in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarkers in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Loder N. Case of the stolen Enigma machine takes cryptic turn. Nature 407(6802), 278 (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen M, Yan X. Comment on ‘Grain boundary-mediated plasticity in nanocrystalline nickel’. Science 308(5720), 356; author reply 356 (2005).

A journal article with 3 authors

Dai L, Korolev KS, Gore J. Slower recovery in space before collapse of connected populations. Nature 496(7445), 355–358 (2013).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sun S-H, Jiang M-S, Ma X-C, Li C-Y, Liang L-M. Hacking on decoy-state quantum key distribution system with partial phase randomization. Sci. Rep. 4, 4759 (2014).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kontush A, Chapman MJ. High-Density Lipoproteins. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2011).

An edited book

Sackheim KA (Ed.). Rehab Clinical Pocket Guide: Rehabilitation Medicine. Springer, New York, NY (2013).

A chapter in an edited book

Williams CJ. A Paleoecological Perspective on Wetland Restoration. In: Wetlands: Integrating Multidisciplinary Concepts. LePage BA (Ed.), Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 67–91 (2011).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarkers in Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. ‘Do Animals Feel Pain Like We Do?’ (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/do-animals-feel-pain-we-do/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Financial Audit: The Federal Communications Commission’s Fiscal Year 2004 Management Representation Letter on Its Financial Statements, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, (2005).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dickens KR. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Returning for Friendship, and Drums, (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [2,4,6,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarkers in Medicine
Abbreviation	Biomark. Med.
ISSN (print)	1752-0363
ISSN (online)	1752-0371
Scope	Clinical Biochemistry Biochemistry, medical Drug Discovery