How to format your references using the Biomedical Signal Processing and Control citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. DeWeerdt, The beeline, Nature 521 (2015) S50-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C. Blake, J. Wall, A velocity dipole in the distribution of radio galaxies, Nature 416 (2002) 150–152.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

C. Song, P. Wang, H.A. Makse, A phase diagram for jammed matter, Nature 453 (2008) 629–632.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P. Hajkova, K. Ancelin, T. Waldmann, N. Lacoste, U.C. Lange, F. Cesari, C. Lee, G. Almouzni, R. Schneider, M.A. Surani, Chromatin dynamics during epigenetic reprogramming in the mouse germ line, Nature 452 (2008) 877–881.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

W. Wiedenmannott, Industrielle Wasseraufbereitung, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

A. Cafruny, L.S. Talani, G. Pozo Martin, eds., The Palgrave Handbook of Critical International Political Economy, Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.T. Do, H.R. Schöler, Cell-Cell Fusion as a Means to Establish Pluripotency, in: J. Morser, S.-I. Nishikawa, H.R. Schöler (Eds.), Stem Cells in Reproduction and in the Brain, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 35–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomedical Signal Processing and Control.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Tiny Crystals Reveal Earth’s First Continents Were Flat and Boring, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/physics/tiny-crystals-reveal-earths-first-continents-were-flat-and-boring/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Student Loans: Potential Effects of Raising Statutory Audit Threshold, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M. Kuls, Single item versus multiple items: An examination of validity and the impact of mood in measuring constructs, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. McNAMARA, Falling Through Time, New York Times (2017) BR14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomedical Signal Processing and Control
Abbreviation	Biomed. Signal Process. Control
ISSN (print)	1746-8094
Scope	Signal Processing Health Informatics