How to format your references using the Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ledford H (2015) Epigenetics: The genome unwrapped. Nature 528:S12-3

A journal article with 2 authors

Ezzati M, Riboli E (2012) Can noncommunicable diseases be prevented? Lessons from studies of populations and individuals. Science 337:1482–1487

A journal article with 3 authors

Mercader J, Panger M, Boesch C (2002) Excavation of a chimpanzee stone tool site in the African rainforest. Science 296:1452–1455

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fujita Y, Furushima R, Ohno H, et al (2014) Cell-surface receptor control that depends on the size of a synthetic equilateral-triangular RNA-protein complex. Sci Rep 4:6422

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gilmore R, Lefranc M (2011) The Topology of Chaos. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Blewett R (2013) Pro Asynchronous Programming with .NET. Apress, Berkeley, CA

A chapter in an edited book

Cherry MJ (2012) Ritual as Education Concerning Social Space and Time. In: Solomon D, Fan R, Lo P-C (eds) Ritual and the Moral Life: Reclaiming the Tradition. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 53–73

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Scientist At Work: Revealing The Secret Lives Of Urban Rats. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientist-at-work-revealing-the-secret-lives-of-urban-rats/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Aviation Security: Vulnerabilities Exposed Through Covert Testing of TSA’s Passenger Screening Process. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Britt CA (2012) Dying in America: A historical analysis of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR N (2016) Russia, Jailer of Local Separatists, Hosts Foreign Ones. New York Times A6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ledford 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Ezzati and Riboli 2012; Ledford 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ezzati and Riboli 2012)
Three or more authors: (Fujita et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality
Abbreviation	Biophys. Econ. Resour. Qual.
ISSN (print)	2366-0112
ISSN (online)	2366-0120
Scope