How to format your references using the BMC Genetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Genetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Chin JW. Molecular biology. Reprogramming the genetic code. Science. 2012;336:428–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Carlton JG, Martin-Serrano J. Parallels between cytokinesis and retroviral budding: a role for the ESCRT machinery. Science. 2007;316:1908–12.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bordenstein SR, O’Hara FP, Werren JH. Wolbachia-induced incompatibility precedes other hybrid incompatibilities in Nasonia. Nature. 2001;409:707–10.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Long TC, Errami M, George AC, Sun Z, Garner HR. Scientific integrity. Responding to possible plagiarism. Science. 2009;323:1293–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Etube LS. Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics of Offshore Structures. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2000.

An edited book

1. Flew T, Iosifidis P, Steemers J, editors. Global Media and National Policies: The Return of the State. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gupta M, Cha DY. Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction. In: Monga M, editor. Ureteroscopy: Indications, Instrumentation & Technique. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2013. p. 41–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Genetics.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Lion Learns To Open Car Doors. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/lion-learns-open-car-doors/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. High-Risk Series: Student Financial Aid. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ayer EW. An N-gram enhanced learning classifier for Chinese character recognition. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schulman M. Living His Truth. New York Times. 2017;:ST1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Genetics
Abbreviation	BMC Genet.
ISSN (online)	1471-2156
Scope	Genetics Genetics(clinical)