How to format your references using the BMC Health Services Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Health Services Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Tesmer JJG. Pharmacology. Hitting the hot spots of cell signaling cascades. Science. 2006;312:377–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. O’Higgins P, Elton S. Anthropology. Walking on trees. Science. 2007;316:1292–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dubi Y, Meir Y, Avishai Y. Nature of the superconductor-insulator transition in disordered superconductors. Nature. 2007;449:876–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Yang M-Q, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Tang Z-R, Xu Y-J. Visible-light-driven oxidation of primary C-H bonds over CdS with dual co-catalysts graphene and TiO2. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3314.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bertolo D. Interactions on Digital Tablets in the Context of 3D Geometry Learning. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Jayawickreme E. Exploring the Psychological Benefits of Hardship: A Critical Reassessment of Posttraumatic Growth. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Melia F. The Galactic Nucleus. In: Oswalt TD, Gilmore G, editors. Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems: Volume 5: Galactic Structure and Stellar Populations. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. p. 243–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Health Services Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. New Solar Storm Forecasting Technique Breaks The 24-Hour Warning Barrier For Earth. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-solar-storm-forecasting-technique-breaks-24-hour-warning-barrier-earth/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Discontinuance of Social Security Student Benefits. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hatcher R. Guide to improvisation for Mozart’s serenade in Bb Major, K. 361, the “Gran Partita.” Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly C. Choosing to Live Abroad in Retirement. New York Times. 2014;:B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Health Services Research
Abbreviation	BMC Health Serv. Res.
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
Scope	Health Policy