How to format your references using the BMC Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Bignami GF. A 1,000-year chain of thinkers. Nature. 2000;404:227.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Fradkin E, Kivelson SA. Physics. Electron nematic phases proliferate. Science. 2010;327:155–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Gladyshev EA, Meselson M, Arkhipova IR. Massive horizontal gene transfer in bdelloid rotifers. Science. 2008;320:1210–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Otsu T, Ando T, Takiguchi Y, Ohtake Y, Toyoda H, Itoh H. Direct evidence for three-dimensional off-axis trapping with single Laguerre-Gaussian beam. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4579.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Paret D, Riesco R. RFID and Contactless Smart Card Applications. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

1. Schiele B, Claessens M, Shi S, editors. Science Communication in the World: Practices, Theories and Trends. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Qi G, Lei H, Jing P, Fu G, He H, Guo Q. Laser Shearography Testing for Aircraft Composite and Honeycomb Components. In: Wang J, editor. Proceedings of the First Symposium on Aviation Maintenance and Management-Volume I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 39–44.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Physiology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. What Are Those Strange Things You See Floating In Your Eye? IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/what-those-strange-things-you-see-floating-your-eye/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Compensatory Education: Chapter 1’s Comparability of Services Provision. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Yang L. A comparison of unsupervised learning techniques for detection of medical abuse in automobile claims. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Whiteside K. From Olympic Rings to a Circus Ring. New York Times. 2016;:B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Physiology
Abbreviation	BMC Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1472-6793
Scope	Physiology General Medicine Physiology (medical)