How to format your references using the BMC Psychology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Psychology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Pi-Sunyer X. A clinical view of the obesity problem. Science. 2003;299:859–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Evans WE, Relling MV. Moving towards individualized medicine with pharmacogenomics. Nature. 2004;429:464–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wiedemann N, Meisinger C, Pfanner N. Cell biology. Connecting organelles. Science. 2009;325:403–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Yao M, Goult BT, Chen H, Cong P, Sheetz MP, Yan J. Mechanical activation of vinculin binding to talin locks talin in an unfolded conformation. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4610.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Krings A, Braham RR. Guide to Tendrillate Climbers of Costa Rican Mountains. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2008.

An edited book

1. Pipek V, Rosson MB, Ruyter B de, Wulf V, editors. End-User Development: 2nd International Symposium, IS-EUD 2009, Siegen, Germany, March 2-4, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Antoldi F, Cerrato D, Depperu D. Empirical Analysis of Nine Export Consortia of SMEs in Morocco, Tunisia, Peru and Uruguay. In: Cerrato D, Depperu D, editors. Export Consortia in Developing Countries: Successful Management of Cooperation Among SMEs. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 59–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Psychology.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Galactic Cluster’s Mass Mapped With Unprecedented Precision. IFLScience. 2014. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Denial of Protest Involving Solicitation’s Evaluation Standard. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Morrow ST. Coboundary theorems for collections of random variables with moment conditions. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly M. Gore Tells the Wary: Clinton Isn’t a Worry. New York Times. 1992;:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Psychology
Abbreviation	BMC Psychol.
ISSN (online)	2050-7283
Scope