How to format your references using the Brain Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Brain Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hyman SE (2014) Perspective: Revealing molecular secrets. Nature 508:S20

A journal article with 2 authors

Domokos G, Scheuring I (2002) Random perturbations and lattice effects in chaotic population dynamics. Science 297:2163; discussion 2163

A journal article with 3 authors

Hemingway J, Field L, Vontas J (2002) An overview of insecticide resistance. Science 298:96–97

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Adamantidis AR, Zhang F, Aravanis AM, et al (2007) Neural substrates of awakening probed with optogenetic control of hypocretin neurons. Nature 450:420–424

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chow S-C, Liu J-P (2005) Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials: Concepts and Methodologies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Pnueli A, Virbitskaite I, Voronkov A (2010) Perspectives of Systems Informatics: 7th International Andrei Ershov Memorial Conference, PSI 2009, Novosibirsk, Russia, June 15-19, 2009. Revised Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Hilhorst HWM, Finch-Savage WE, Buitink J, et al (2010) Dormancy in Plant Seeds. In: Lubzens E, Cerda J, Clark M (eds) Dormancy and Resistance in Harsh Environments. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 43–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Brain Informatics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) In The Search For Alien Life, Little Green Men Are Out and Purple Bacteria Are In. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1982) Trends in Evaluation. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stewart DA (2013) Principals’ post-observation feedback and its influence on teacher professional growth at two Southern California Catholic high schools. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy MJO (2015) Remembering the Phonograph. New York Times C22

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Brain Informatics
Abbreviation	Brain Inform.
ISSN (print)	2198-4018
ISSN (online)	2198-4026
Scope